Busher Nuclear Power Plant, IRAN |
IRAN
IS CURRENTLY SUBJECTED TO NOT ONE, BUT THREE SETS OF SANCTIONS
Few people are aware that IRAN is
currently subjected to not one, but three sets of sanctions imposed by U.S.,
the UNITED NATIONS and the EUROPEAN UNION, the latter two over concerns about IRAN’S
civilian nuclear energy program, which Washington alleges, masks a covert
nuclear weapons program, a charge IRAN steadfastly denies.
The first U.S. economic sanctions
against IRAN were instituted in 1979 following the overthrow of the Pahlavi
monarchy and its replacement by an Islamic Republic, while the first UNITED
NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL sanctions against IRAN were implemented by Resolution
1737, voted in 23 December 2006. Earlier this year, EUROPEAN UNION foreign
ministers agreed to place sanctions on IRANIAN oil and oil products because of IRAN’S
purported non-compliance with its obligations of the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), and the EU sanctions entered into
force on 1 July.
ONE SECTOR OF IRAN’S ENERGY INDUSTRY THAT IS FLOURISHING –
ELECTRICITY EXPORTS
The collective effect of the trio of
legislative restrictions is to impede IRANIAN oil and natural gas exports, the
source of the majority of its foreign currency earnings until Tehran suspends
its uranium enrichment activities. IRAN maintains that by signing and ratifying
the NPT, its Article IV permits its current nuclear activities.
Iranian hydro-power plants nominal capacity |
But while the legislation has
increasingly shut off IRANIAN hydrocarbon exports, there is one sector of IRAN’S
energy industry that is flourishing – electricity exports.
And this trade, lucrative as it is,
stymies Washington’s efforts to squeeze IRAN’S economy because, in four out of
five instances, the trade is with U.S. allies.
According
to the U.S. government’s Energy Information Administration, “IRAN is
a net exporter of electric power and currently exports electricity to
neighboring states including ARMENIA, PAKISTAN, TURKEY, IRAQ, and AFGHANISTAN.”
EXACTLY WHO ARE THESE MISCREANT STATES AIDING AND ABETTING
THE IRANIAN ECONOMY?
TURKEY, like the U.S., is a member
of North Atlantic Treaty Organization, while former SOVIET republic ARMENIA has
been a member of NATO’s Partnership for Peace affiliate program since 1994.
IRAQ?
The U.S.–IRAQ Status of Forces
Agreement (SOFA, official name: "Agreement Between the UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA and the Republic of IRAQ On the Withdrawal of UNITED STATES Forces from
IRAQ and the Organization of Their Activities during Their Temporary Presence
in IRAQ") was signed in 2008, and the U.S. signed a similar SOFA agreement
with AFGHANISTAN earlier this year.
As for PAKISTAN, the military
cooperation between Washington and Islamabad is self evident.
So then, five U.S. “allies” are
purchasing IRANIAN electricity.
To give but one instance, TURKEY and
IRAN agreed in August 2007 to jointly pursue an electricity designed to produce
6,000 megawatts, of which a percentage would be exported to TURKEY’S relatively
isolated eastern provinces adjacent to its 312-mile long frontier with IRAN.
And how valuable are these power
exports?
From 20 March 2012, the beginning of
the current IRANIAN calendar year to 23 October, IRAN exported 6,624 gigawatts
of electricity to the quintet of neighboring countries, a 44 percent rise compared to the same period in 2011. On 27
October Deputy Energy Minister Mohammad Behzad announced in Tehran that IRAN'S
electricity exports were worth $5 billion since the beginning of the current IRANIAN
calendar year.
IRAN is a net exporter of electric power |
Behzad disclosed the data on the
sidelines of 12th International Electricity Exhibition (IEE) in Tehran. And
among those nations attending are ITALY, FRANCE, GERMANY and TURKEY, all NATO
members, along with representatives from CHINA and SOUTH KOREA.
Expect to see more growth in IRAN’S electrical
sector. According to IRANIAN Energy Ministry officials, IRAN will become
self-sufficient in manufacturing equipment and goods, which are used in the
electrical power industry by the end of the current IRANIAN year, which
finishes in March 2013.
IRAN AND INDIA SIGNED A MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING THAT
IRAN WOULD PROVIDE 4,000 MEGAWATTS OF ELECTRICITY EXPORTS TO INDIA VIA PAKISTAN
IRAN’S rising electrical exports to
its neighbors presents Washington policymakers hawkish on IRAN with the
unpleasant reality that the nations importing IRANIAN electricity are all
involved to a lesser or greater degree with regional U.S. military policies,
whose cooperation could be endangered if the AMERICAN administration pressured
them too far to downgrade their energy relations with Tehran.
So, for the foreseeable future, TURKISH
lira, ARMENIAN drams, PAKISTANI rupees, IRAQI dinars and AFGHAN afghanis will
continue to flow into IRAN’S treasury in return for reliable supplies of
electricity.
And more deals are on the way, as on
27 October IRAN and INDIA signed a Memorandum of Understanding that IRAN would
provide 4,000 megawatts of electricity exports to INDIA via PAKISTAN, which as
part of the agreement receive 2,000 additional megawatts for its role in
facilitating the transfer.
Apparently IRAN’S neighbors have
concluded that their value to Washington transcends the AMERICAN
administration’s ability to punish them for interacting with IRAN.
At least electricity, unlike
uranium, is not “dual use.”
By. John C.K. Daly via Oilprice
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